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很多朋友聽到我做行銷,就說,喔~那你們公司銷售額怎麼樣啦~


其實大多數人對於行銷和業務的差異並不了解,提供以下簡單資訊供大家參考。


[1] 行銷(marketing)與銷售(sales)是一企業產品與服務銷售過程的主要營運活動,其中行銷指的是販賣機制的規劃,而銷售指的是販賣規劃的實踐,前者重思考力,後者重親和力,互為陰陽,缺一不可。


根據Wikipedia定義,行銷為[1]:


Marketing is a social and managerial function associated with the process of researching (研究) , developing (發展) , promoting (推廣) , selling (銷售) , and distributing (流通) a product or service.

另外美國行銷協會( American Marketing Association )亦定義行銷為 [2] :

Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating (創造) , communicating (溝通) and delivering value (提供價值) to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.

根據 Wikipedia 定義,銷售為 [3] :

Sales, or the activity of selling (銷售的活動) , forms an integral part of commercial activity. Mastering sales is considered by many as some sort of persuading "art" (說服的藝術) . On the contrary, the methodological approach of selling refers to it as a systematic process of repetitive and measurable milestones (目標) , by which a salesperson relates his offering enabling the buyer to visualize how to achieve his goal in an economic way.





一般而言,行銷包括三階段,首先為環境分析階段( environmental scanning  - SWOT, Matrix analysis etc.),其次為行銷策略規劃階段( marketing strategy - STP ),最後為行銷組合階段( marketing mix - 4P )。行銷主要在於策略規劃,而銷售主要在執行決策,並且彈性的運用之。


[1] http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/analysis/pat_A074.htm 


[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing


[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales


 


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